- Fundamental error
- Absolute error
- Fractional error
- Percentage error
Fundamental error can be caused by faulty devices such as component errors, calibrated incorrectly, the gauge incorrectly marked or the slow-moving stopwatch. Repeating the measurement several times does not have a 7 effect on this type of error. It is not possible to guess until the final result is calculated. Correction, replacement of the measuring instrument, or re-calibration can be done to eliminate this type of error. Random Errors The extent of these errors depends on how well the tester can use the equipment. If the tester does it well, the random error will be small. Obtaining a number of readings for a given number and getting their mean will reduce the overall error. A measuring device has a scale. There is the smallest measurement available on that scale. It is not possible to obtain a measurement with greater accuracy than the smallest measurement using that measuring instrument. For example, the smallest measure of the meter rule is 1 p. Therefore, a measurement with an accuracy of more than 1 mm cannot be expected using the meter rule. That is, readings such as 17.3 mm or 17.4 mm can be expressed using the meter rule, but a reading such as 17.35 mm cannot be expressed. The maximum error that can occur when taking a measurement is also the smallest measurement of the scale. The magnitude of the error should be taken into account along with the measured magnitude. E.g .: (208 +_ 1) mm is largely an accurate measure. (2+- 1) Pap is a measure that is largely inaccurate.
Absolute error, fractional error and percentage error are used in comparing errors. (208+- 1) The absolute error for mm reading is 1 mm.
The fractional error is 1/208 (0.0048).
The percentage error is 0.48%.
Since it is usually sufficient to specify only one positive position when declaring the error, the above two values are in mm.
The accuracy of a measurement is considered sufficient if the error is 1mm or less. Therefore, if a meter ruler is used to measure length, the percentage error of measuring 100 feet is 1/100 or 1% . Therefore, the accuracy of a meter rule is considered insufficient to measure distances shorter than 10 mm .
In such a case an instrument with a minimum measurement of less than 1 mm should be used to measure the length. To this end, scale tools based on the screw principle should be used.
Fundamental error can be caused by faulty devices such as component errors, calibrated incorrectly, the gauge incorrectly marked or the slow-moving stopwatch. Repeating the measurement several times does not have a 7 effect on this type of error. It is not possible to guess until the final result is calculated. Correction, replacement of the measuring instrument, or re-calibration can be done to eliminate this type of error. Random Errors The extent of these errors depends on how well the tester can use the equipment. If the tester does it well, the random error will be small. Obtaining a number of readings for a given number and getting their mean will reduce the overall error. A measuring device has a scale. There is the smallest measurement available on that scale. It is not possible to obtain a measurement with greater accuracy than the smallest measurement using that measuring instrument. For example, the smallest measure of the meter rule is 1 p. Therefore, a measurement with an accuracy of more than 1 mm cannot be expected using the meter rule. That is, readings such as 17.3 mm or 17.4 mm can be expressed using the meter rule, but a reading such as 17.35 mm cannot be expressed. The maximum error that can occur when taking a measurement is also the smallest measurement of the scale. The magnitude of the error should be taken into account along with the measured magnitude. E.g .: (208 +_ 1) mm is largely an accurate measure. (2+- 1) Pap is a measure that is largely inaccurate.
Absolute error, fractional error and percentage error are used in comparing errors. (208+- 1) The absolute error for mm reading is 1 mm.
The fractional error is 1/208 (0.0048).
The percentage error is 0.48%.
Since it is usually sufficient to specify only one positive position when declaring the error, the above two values are in mm.
The accuracy of a measurement is considered sufficient if the error is 1mm or less. Therefore, if a meter ruler is used to measure length, the percentage error of measuring 100 feet is 1/100} 1. Therefore, the accuracy of a meter rule is considered insufficient to measure distances shorter than 10 mm . In such a case an instrument with a minimum measurement of less than 1 pp should be used to measure the length. To this end, scale tools based on the screw principle should be used.
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